Do Muslim Women Need Saving - 1484 Words

Do Muslim Women Need Saving? : A Review By Johanna Loepke With all of its good intentions, people attempting to swoop in and ‘rescue’ Muslim women from what they believe to be an oppressive and violent culture, is actually doing more harm than good. In the novel, Do Muslim Women Need Saving?, Lila Abu-Lughod explores how this type of sympathetic aid from these seemingly superior, progressive, Western countries can reinforce negative stereotypes about women in the place she calls IslamLand (an overarching and ignorant term for where all Muslims reside). The author investigates the consequences of this post 9/11 concern about Muslim women in government and in the media. She explains how the power of choice is relative, Muslim women’s†¦show more content†¦These seemingly known topics are turned upside down as we discover the truth behind each one. After this, the author has us hooked. The structure entices the reader to dive into more complicated material such as honor crimes, social life of women’s rights, and anthropology. The first chapter explores questions of possible Islamic liberation and why, given the choice, women don’t remove their burqas. In response to that first query, the author advocates that freedom and liberation for a country should be based on its people’s desires and values instead of what Westerners believe is the best way of life. Unfortunately, a key finding in this chapter was that the United States took advantage of Afghan women’s situation by using their rescue from the Taliban-and-the-terrorists as a justification for the War on Terror. Westerners view head coverings like burqas/hijabs as restrictive, a symbol of the patriarchy. In fact, many Middle Eastern women describe burqas as ‘portable seclusion’ that enables them to move out of segregated living spaces. Veils are worn as fashion statements or to express piety/virtue or belonging to a household. This exact worrisome practice of colonial feminism focuses more on the religious and cultural practices that persecute women, rather than more destructive issues like poverty, illness, malnutrition, politics, or lack of

Titration of Calcium HydroxideG Free Essays

We did this by titrating Hydrochloric Acid into 10 com of Calcium Hydroxide. As we titrated HCI into the Calcium Hydroxide solution, the phenolphthalein’s pink shade given to the Calcium Hydroxide slowly became clearer until the complete lack of pink color in the solution of base and acid. My value of 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Titration of Calcium HydroxideG or any similar topic only for you Order Now 58 g/mol was close to the accepted value of . 59 g/mol with only a 0. 6 + 0. 007% error, which is almost identical to the theoretical value. Because of such a small percentage error, one can attribute the error to random error, and not systematic because of its small value. Limitation/weakness How much did it affect my result Human error exists even outside uncertainty, where the HCI solution was possibly not correctly stirred along with the Calcium Hydroxide. Because of the fact that this is a titration experiment, the stirring and conglomeration of hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide needed to be constant in order for the reaction and correct mount of hydrochloric acid was used to neutralize the basic aspect of calcium hydroxide. Because of the inconsistent stirring, there must have been a small amount of error attributed to this limitation, though it may not look as much. Possibility: The Calcium Hydroxide solid that did not dissolve into the water may have passed the filter into the actual solution used, causing discrepancies in the data. A second limitation/weakness that may have caused our error is because of the fact that we may not have been careful enough with the filtration of the saturated Calcium Hydroxide. Because the filters themselves may not have been perfect experiment might have taken a wrong turn with solid Calcium Hydroxide within the solution as well, needing a smidgen more Hydrochloric Acid to neutralize it. Evaluation of quality of the result: Although there is limitations to our measuring, since we were only able to measure to 2 decimals as a volume, this experiment is still a valid way to figure out the concentration of Calcium Hydroxide with Just the amount and concentration of Hydrochloric Acid, and can be used by other scientists who would theoretically have no idea about how to go about the method of determining the concentration of Calcium Hydroxide. Limitation or weakness Improvement 1 . Human error exists even outside uncertainty, where the HCI solution was possibly not correctly stirred along with the Calcium Hydroxide. To lower this error and improve this limitation, we could have the same person stir the solution/titration constantly, with more precision and concentration over this mixture, as to get the correct amount of HCI needed to neutralize the solution without any disagreements over what neutralized means or not. With two people concentrated over specific tasks, the uncertainty would also become much smaller as well due to less error attributed to our mistakes. 2. Possibility: The Calcium Hydroxide old that did not dissolve into the water may have passed the filter into the actual solution used, causing discrepancies in the data. One of the biggest improvements we could make is that we could, this time around, not add such a large amount of Calcium Hydroxide powder into water blindly, as had been done before, so that we would be able to have more saturated water to work with, as opposed to what we had to work with at that moment when the experiment was done. By doing that, we would be able to reduce uncertainty that may have come along with the solid Calcium Hydroxide mixed in with the saturated solution. How to cite Titration of Calcium HydroxideG, Papers

The Sport Of Boxing Essays - Combat Sports, Individual Sports

The Sport of Boxing Boxing is often referred to as the "Manly Art of Self Defense." It is a very respectable sport that has a rough side to it. Boxing takes place in a sixteen to twenty-four foot square padded area called a ring. A boxing match (referred to as a bout) is usually a fast , violent show of strength, stamina, and skill. The boxers throw powerful punches as each tries to win the bout by means of points, knocking his opponent unconscious, or forcing him to give up the fight. While at the same time , each boxer must guard his head and body against the others punches by dodging or blocking the blows. The action may take place in any part of the ring as the fighters weave about or press forward, trying to get a chance for a successful blow or combination. Good boxers are strong, quick, skillful, and in top physical condition. They also have the courage and determination to fight in spite of pain and exhaustion. Boxers fight as amateurs or professionals. Most amateurs compete as members of and organization or team and some box in tournaments. Amateurs may not accept or receive money for boxing. Professionals fight for money and are often referred to as prize fighters. Boxing Regulations The rules followed for amateurs and professional bouts do differ for the United States and in international and Olympic Game competition. Weight Classes-Boxers compete in classes, or divisions, based on their weight. To fight in a particular class, a boxer may not weigh more than the maximum for that class. The professional weight classes from heaviest to lightest is Heavyweight, Junior Heavyweight , Middleweight, Junior Middleweight, Welterweight, Junior Welterweight, Lightweight, Junior Lightweight, Featherweight, Junior Featherweight, Bantomweight, Junior Bantomweight, Flyweight, Junior Flyweight. The Ring- The ring is a square platform measuring sixteen to twenty-four feet on each side. For professional championship bouts, the boxers may select the size of the ring within these limits on the approval of the local boxing commission. At least three ropes attached to a post at each corner, surround the ring. The floor of the ring has a canvas covering stretched over felt or foam rubber. The ring floor stands three to four feet higher than the floor of the arena. Equipment- A boxers hands are wrapped in soft cloth bandages , over the bandages he wears padded gloves. His gloves soften his punches and protect his hands as well as his opponent from injury. The gloves weigh eight or ten ounces. Boxers wear trunks and light weight shoes that lace just above the ankle. A mouthpiece of hard rubber protects the teeth, and a plastic cup protects the sex organs. Both amateur and professionals wear a protective leather helmet when training. Amateur fighters may wear a helmet in actual competition, though professionals do not. The helmet covers the back and sides of the head and ears. Time periods- Time periods of a boxing match are referred to as rounds. Each round lasts two or three minutes in amateur bouts. Rounds in major professional bouts last three minutes. In all matches there is a one minute rest period between rounds. A professional bout may be scheduled for four to fifteen rounds . Most professional championships are scheduled for twelve or fifteen rounds. Amateur fights are three to six rounds. All amateur championships are scheduled for three rounds. Fight Officials- During a round, the referee is the only person in the ring besides the boxers. He sees that the fighters obey the rules. The referee warns a boxer that disobeys a rule. He may disqualify a fighter for committing a serious violation or too many violations. Two or three judges sit along ringside and score most fights. However, amateur championship fights require two judges. The time keeper keeps track of time and sounds a bell to signal the beginning and end of each round. An official ring physician is present at every bout to provide medical treatment if needed. The physician then advises the referee how serious an injured fighters condition may be. Scoring a Fight- A boxer wins a fight by (1) a knockout, (2) a technical knockout, or (3) a decision. Sometimes, a professional bout may end in a draw, with neither fighter declared the winner. Amateur fights cannot win in a draw. In a close bout, the amateur who showed better style or committed fewer violations may be awarded the winner. A

Exchange Systems, Trade Networks, and Archaeology

Exchange Systems, Trade Networks, and Archaeology An exchange system or trade network can be defined as any manner in which consumers connect with producers. Regional exchange studies in archaeology describe the networks that people used to gain, barter for, purchase, or otherwise obtain raw material, goods, services and ideas from the producers or sources, and to move those goods across the landscape. The purpose of exchange systems can be to fulfill both basic and luxury needs. Archaeologists identify networks of exchange by using a variety of analytical techniques on material culture, and by identifying raw material quarries and manufacturing techniques for specific types of artifacts. Exchange systems have been a focus of archaeological research since the mid-19th century  when chemical analyses were first used to identify the distribution of metal artifacts from central Europe. One pioneer study is that of archaeologist Anna Shepard who during the 1930s and 40s used the presence of mineral inclusions in pottery sherds to provide evidence for a widespread trade and exchange network throughout the southwestern United States. Economic Anthropology The underpinnings of the exchange systems research were strongly influenced by Karl Polyani in the 1940s and 50s. Polyani, an economic anthropologist, described three types of trading exchange: reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange. Reciprocity and redistribution, said Polyani, are methods that are embedded in long-range relationships that imply trust and confidence: markets, on the other hand, are self-regulating and disembedded from trust relationships between producers and consumers. Reciprocity is a behavioral system of trade, which is based on the more or less equal sharing of goods and services. Reciprocity could be defined simply as you scratch my back, Ill scratch yours: you do something for me, Ill reciprocate by doing something for you. Ill watch your cows, youll provide my family with milk.Redistribution involves a collection point from which goods are apportioned out. In a typical redistribution system, a village chief collects a percentage of the produce in a village, and provides it to members of the group based on need, gifts, feasting: any one of a number of etiquette rules that have been established in a given society.Market exchange involves an organized institution, in which goods producers congregate at specified locations at specified times. Either barter or money exchange is involved ​in order to allow consumers to obtain required goods and services from purveyors. Polyani himself argued that markets may or may not be integrated within c ommunity networks. Identifying Exchange Networks Anthropologists can go into a community and determine the existing exchange networks by talking to the local residents and observing the processes: but archaeologists must work from what David Clarke once called indirect traces in bad samples. Pioneers in the archaeological study of exchange systems include Colin Renfrew, who argued that it was important to study trade because the institution of a trade network is a causal factor for cultural change. Archaeological evidence for the movement of goods across the landscape has been identified by a series of technological innovations, building from Anna Shepards research. In general, sourcing artifacts- identifying where a particular raw material came from- involves a series of laboratory tests on artifacts which are then compared to known similar materials. Chemical analysis techniques used to identify raw material sources include Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and various spectrographic methods, among a wide and growing number of laboratory techniques. In addition to identifying the source or quarry where raw materials were obtained, chemical analysis can also identify similarities in pottery types or other sorts of finished goods, thus determining whether the finished goods were created locally or brought in from a distant location. Using a variety of methods, archaeologists can identify whether a pot that looks as if it were made in a different town is truly an import, or rather a locally made copy. Markets and Distribution Systems Market locations, both prehistorically and historically, are often located in public plazas or town squares, open spaces shared by a community and common to nearly every society on the planet. Such markets often rotate: market day in a given community may be every Tuesday and in a neighboring community every Wednesday. Archaeological evidence of such use of communal plazas is difficult to ascertain  because typically plazas are cleaned and used for a wide variety of purposes. Itinerant traders such as the pochteca of Mesoamerica have been identified archaeologically through iconography on written documents and monuments such as stele  as well as by the types of artifacts left in burials (grave goods). Caravan routes have been identified in numerous places archaeologically, most famously as part of the Silk Road connecting Asia and Europe. Archaeological evidence seems to suggest that trade networks were much of the driving force behind the construction of roads, whether wheeled vehicles were available or not. Diffusion of Ideas Exchange systems are also the way ideas and innovations are communicated across the landscape. But thats a whole other article. Sources Colburn CS. 2008. Exotica and the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Early Minoan Elite: Eastern Imports in Prepalatial Crete. American Journal of Archaeology 112(2):203-224.Gemici K. 2008. Karl Polanyi and the antinomies of embeddedness. Socio-Economic Review 6(1):5-33.Renfrew C. 1977. Alternative models for exchange and spatial distribution. In. In: Earle TK, and Ericson JE, editors. Exchange Systems In Prehistory. New York: Academic Press. p 71-90.Shortland A, Rogers N, and Eremin K. 2007. Trace element discriminants between Egyptian and Mesopotamian Late Bronze Age glasses. Journal of Archaeological Science 34(5):781-789.

Analysis of A and P by John Updike

Analysis of A and P by John Updike Originally published in The New Yorker in 1961, John Updikes short story A P has been widely anthologized and is generally considered to be a classic. The Plot of the Updikes AP Three barefoot girls in bathing suits walk into an A P grocery store, shocking the customers but drawing the admiration of the two young men working the cash registers. Eventually, the manager notices the girls and tells them that they should be decently dressed when they enter the store and that in the future, they will have to follow the stores policy and cover their shoulders. As the girls are leaving, one of the cashiers, Sammy, tells the manager he quits. He does this partly to impress the girls and partly because he feels the manager took things too far and didnt have to embarrass the young women. The story ends with Sammy standing alone in the parking lot, the girls are long gone. He says that his stomach kind of fell as I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter. Narrative Technique The story is told from the first person point of view of Sammy. From the opening lineIn walks, these three girls in nothing but bathing suitsUpdike establishes Sammys distinctively colloquial voice. Most of the story is told in the present tense as if Sammy is talking. Sammys cynical observations about his customers, whom he often calls sheep, can be humorous. For example,  he comments that if one particular customer had been born at the right time they would have burned her over in Salem. And its an endearing detail when he describes folding his apron and dropping the bow tie on it, and then adds, The bow tie is theirs if youve ever wondered. Sexism in the Story Some readers will find Sammys sexist comments to be absolutely grating. The girls have entered the store, and the narrator assumes they are  seeking attention for their physical appearance.  Sammy comments on every detail. Its almost a caricature of objectification when he says, You never know for sure how girls minds work (do you really think its a mind in there or just a little buzz like a bee in a glass jar?)[...] Social Boundaries In the story, the tension arises not because the girls are in bathing suits, but because theyre in bathing suits in a place where people dont wear bathing suits. Theyve crossed a line about whats socially acceptable. Sammy says: You know, its one thing to have a girl in a bathing suit down on the beach, where what with the glare nobody can look at each other much anyway, and another thing in the cool of the A P, under the fluorescent lights, against all those stacked packages, with her feet paddling along naked over our checkerboard green-and-cream rubber-tile floor. Sammy obviously finds the girls physically alluring, but hes also attracted by their rebellion. He doesnt want to be like the sheep he makes such fun of, the customers who are befuddled when the girls enter the store. There are clues that the girls rebellion has its roots in economic privilege, a privilege not available to Sammy. The girls tell the manager that they entered the store only because one of their mothers asked them to pick up some herring snacks, an item that makes Sammy imagine a scene in which the men were standing around in ice-cream coats and bow ties and the women were in sandals picking up herring snacks on toothpicks off a big glass plate. In contrast, when Sammys parents have somebody over they get lemonade and if its a real racy affair Schlitz in tall glasses with Theyll Do It Every Time cartoons stenciled on. In the end, the class difference between Sammy and the girls means that his rebellion has far more serious ramifications than theirs does. By the end of the story, Sammy has lost his job and alienated his family. He feels how hard the world [is] going to be because not becoming a sheep wont be as easy as just walking away.  Ã‚  And it certainly wont be as easy for him as it will be for the girls, who inhabit a place from which the crowd that runs the A P must look pretty crummy.

Sports Managers' Tasks Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sports Managers' Tasks - Coursework Example Employees should voluntarily follow the provided directions to guarantee a perfect relationship between them and their managers. Leading includes motivating the employees and assisting them to follow the set objectives for the firm (Daft, 2008). Managers should serve as leaders in an ideal situation and adopt perfect leadership skills (Daft and Marcic, 2013). Various employee cultures affect the leadership styles in an organization. Corporate structures also matter in coming up with leadership skills due to the relationship between the junior and senior staff (Sims and Quatro, 2005).  Sports managers perform various leadership duties during sporting activities. In professional teams, the managers act as leaders that motivate and inspire coaches and players (Watt, 2004). Since most sports managers work for colleges and other social institutions, there is a need for communication between the team. The managers execute leadership functions while conducting both interpersonal and group activities. Sports leaders have to connect socially with the players in order to provide motivation during matches and training sessions. Additionally, some sports clubs are enormous; hence require more attention from the managers. Leaders should first identify what motivates the players and employ the strategies to ensure maximum output from the players (Summers, 2012). Sports managers have to deal with various staff including coaches and trainers that are also issued with roles of passing information to the players.It guarantees the monitoring of the performances of various individuals in the firm (Dyck and Neubert, 2010). The main aim of the controlling function is to ensure that the set aims and objectives are attained. The performance results are weighed against the goals after an evaluation of the firm (Koontz, Weihrich and Aryasri, 2004). Control also depends on the communication channels that assist in the comprehension of the objectives.

Management of food quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management of food quality - Essay Example The integrated approach to food safety as adopted by the European Union aims at ensuring that the high levels of food quality are assured and that they are coherently done through measures that are farm-to-table like. This entails adequate monitoring and ensuring efficient functionality of its internal market. To be able to implement this approach, the governing body of the EU has had to develop effective health measures and legislations. Consequently, effective food safety control systems have had to be assured and evaluated to ensure their compliance with the set standards (TRIENEKENS & ZUURBIER, 2008). The safety of the food system is also ensured by independently carrying out a risk assessment different from the risk management. Keeping the quality and safety of food throughout the food chain requires both operating procedures to ensure the wholesomeness of food and monitoring procedures to ensure operations are carried out as intended. The food safety system is usually based on the principle that protection needs to be assured during the course of the food chain if the health of customers is to be sheltered. Primarily, quality management systems are designed to ensure compliance with third party and retailer standards (VOS & WENDLER, 2006). Food safety management systems principally control the specific food safety hazards associated with the product and ensure compliance with food safety legislation. Finally, the quality and safety of food depends on the efforts of everybody involved in the complex chain of agriculture production, processing, transport, food production and consumption. As the EU and the World Health Organization (WHO) put it succinctly - food safety is a shared responsibility from farm to fork. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was established in the year 2002. It is an independent body that works in close cooperation with various scientific agencies and institutions in EU